What proxy IP do crawlers generally use? Detailed explanation of how to use Python crawler proxy IP

When developing web crawlers, using proxy IP is a common technical means that can help crawlers achieve more efficient, stable and secret data crawling. This article will introduce the types of proxy IPs generally used by crawlers, and explain in detail how to use proxy IPs in Python crawlers.

What proxy IP do crawlers generally use? Detailed explanation of how to use Python crawler proxy IP

Generally speaking, crawlers use the following proxy IP types:

1. Public proxy IP: Public proxy IP is obtained from a public proxy IP pool and is usually provided free of charge. These proxy IP addresses can be obtained from free proxy IP websites or APIs, but due to the poor quality and stability of free proxy IPs, they need to be carefully selected and verified when used.
2. Private proxy IP: Private proxy IP is purchased from a paid proxy IP service provider and has higher quality and stability. These proxy IP addresses are usually updated and maintained regularly by the provider, which can provide more reliable connections and better user experience.
3. Self-built proxy IP: Self-built proxy IP is achieved by building a proxy server on your own server. This method can ensure the stability and security of the proxy IP, but it requires certain network and server management capabilities.

Next, we will introduce in detail how to use proxy IP in Python crawlers:

1. Import necessary libraries: First, import the required libraries like requests, urllib, etc. in your Python crawler program.
2. Get proxy IP: Select the appropriate proxy IP source as needed, such as a free proxy IP website, a paid proxy IP service provider, or a self-built proxy IP server. Get the proxy IP address and port number through the corresponding interface or API.
3. Set the proxy IP: Use the obtained proxy IP address and port number to set the proxy IP in the following way:

import requests

proxy_ip = 'Proxy IP address'
proxy_port = 'Proxy port number'

proxies = {
'http': f'http://{proxy_ip}:{proxy_port}',
'https': f'https://{proxy_ip}:{proxy_port}',
}

response = requests.get(url, proxies=proxies)

4. Initiate a request: Use the configured proxy IP to initiate a network request through the requests library. Pass the proxies parameter in the request to apply the proxy IP configuration to the request.
5. Verify the proxy IP: Before using the proxy IP for crawling, it is recommended to verify the proxy IP. You can check whether the proxy IP is available and the anonymity level by visiting the target website or using other methods.
6. Exception handling: When using proxy IP for crawling, you may encounter some abnormal situations, such as connection timeout, proxy IP failure, etc. In order to ensure the stability of the program, exception handling is required, such as changing the proxy IP or retrying the request.

It should be noted that when using proxy IP, crawlers should comply with relevant laws and regulations and the regulations of the target website. When using proxy IP for crawling, you must comply with the crawling rules of the website and do not make excessive requests or burden the target website.

In summary, crawlers generally use public proxy IPs, private proxy IPs or self-built proxy IPs to crawl data. When using proxy IPs in Python crawlers, by importing necessary libraries, obtaining proxy IPs, setting proxy IPs, initiating requests, verifying proxy IPs and handling exceptions, you can effectively use proxy IPs to achieve efficient, stable and secret crawler operations.